Implementing a Wellness Program within an Industry

Executive Summary Workplaces apply as the most appropriate areas to promote healthy habits among individuals because of the ease of admittance, amount of time spent there, as well as availability of effective hold up systems. The main rationale behind corporate wellness programs is the endemic levels of obesity and other associated health challenges among workers.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Implementing a Wellness Program within an Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Escalating insurance rates and growing rates of obesity are concerns nationwide and within our company. Research has shown that when personnel are healthy, morale is boosted, making employees more proficient in their duties. Coinciding with healthier employees is lower health cost, for both the employee and the employer. Employee wellness in the workplace ought to be the principal focus of human resource planning and management in an or ganization. One of the essential steps in implementing a wellness program is planning. Implementation of a workplace wellness program requires regular monitoring and adjustments where necessary. Introduction Workplace wellness refers to organizational programs that focus on promoting the ability of individuals in a workplace to control and improve their health. Workplace wellness is one of the key corporate activities for most organizations in America and world over (Patterson, 2007). This is because such programs serve, as means to acquire and identify new opportunities, as well as getting support and back up required by employees to improve their health. Workplaces apply as the most appropriate areas to promote healthy habits among individuals because of the ease of admittance, amount of time spent there, as well as availability of effective hold up systems. Any organization should prioritize the idea of introducing a wellness program as an investment activity due to the return on investment potential of such a program (Patterson, 2007). An organization can incorporate various wellness programs for its workforce that include medical testing, weight supervision programs, health instruction, health training, and health fairs. The main rationale behind corporate wellness programs is the endemic levels of obesity and other associated health challenges among workers (Patterson, 2007). Health complications among employees are costly to an organization due to low individual esteem, reduced productivity, and absenteeism from work (Patterson, 2007). Some of the critical activities of developing a wellness program include identifying the cause of the prevailing health condition, setting attainable goals for the program, and effective communication.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problem Statement Escalating insurance rates and growing rates of obesity are con cerns nationwide and within our company. Putting an employee wellness program into practice will provide various benefits to the company as a whole. Employees getting into shape and living a healthy lifestyle, as taught during training within a program, makes for healthier employees. Healthier employees increase productivity within the company (Patterson, 2007). Employees that are healthy are less suitable to be absent from work, thus furthering productivity even more. Research has shown that when personnel are healthy, morale is boosted, making employees more proficient in their duties. Coinciding with healthier employees is lower health cost, for both the employee and the employer (Patterson, 2007). A research conducted in the United States of America, indicated that the cost of treating obesity averaged at $13 billion every year. The research also indicated that the cost of health insurance covering obesity and its associated medical conditions was the highest at $8 billion (Dono van, 2006). Thus, it is imperative to apply the best practices to acknowledge employees and motivate them to take part in a wellness program. Obesity is the biggest health related challenge in our company. This problem will pull down the prospects of the company in the near future, if not addressed right away, and in an effective manner. The major cause of this problem in our company is the work environment that increasingly requires sitting or little activity (Donovan, 2006). This problem has increased expenditure in the company, as well as greatly reducing general productivity of employees and the company. Research shows that a worker who files for obesity related claims has an absenteeism average rate of 45 days (Donovan, 2006). Employee Wellness in the Workplace Employee wellness in the workplace ought to be the principal focus of human resource planning and management in an organization. It is important to have a healthy and happy workforce capable of fulfilling their respectiv e potentials and employer expectations (Stephanie, 2009). The ability of employees to fulfill their work responsibilities beds on the corporate culture and organizational structure of their company. These two key organizational elements shape the environment around the workplace in terms of the kind of activities carried out, the manner of execution, and the participating parties. Having employee wellness programs as part of an organizations corporate culture is a very important investment (Stephanie, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Implementing a Wellness Program within an Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organizational structure in our company dictates how much employees are involved in key company activities such as decision-making and professional development. However, it is important to incorporate a wellness program for all employees and ensure that there are appropriate strategies t o encourage and motivate them to participate actively in all program activities (Stephanie, 2009). This is because, the high number of individuals suffering from work related health challenges such as obesity experience difficulties in enrolling and participating in such programs due to low esteem. However, employees also have a part to play in ensuring a healthy workplace environment in the company, by addressing their own obesity challenges first. One of the challenges experienced by employees is generating a perception that employers discriminate against obese workers (Stephanie, 2009). Research has shown that obesity increases the rate of death by up to thirteen times among severely obese individuals. Introducing a wellness program may be an expensive investment for the company, but it will yield many benefits in the end. First, through the program, cohesion within the company will improve due to increased interaction of employees, as well as a common activity they can all ident ify with. The second benefit of introducing a wellness program is that it will improve workforce retention (Stephanie, 2009). Workers suffering from obesity and other health conditions will increase their loyalty to the company because of the accessibility of health services and instruction at competitive rates within their workplace. Employees like sticking to an employer who is conscious of their wellbeing, and making an effort at the same time. The third benefit is improved productivity (Stephanie, 2009). A wellness program will lead to a healthy, confident, and happy workforce capable of giving their best output towards meeting their organizational responsibilities and goals. The fourth benefit of a wellness program is saving on the cost of healthcare incurred by the company (Stephanie, 2009). When employees are healthy, the cost incurred due to low productivity, absenteeism, and high insurance covers greatly reduce to manageable levels. Implementing the Program One of the essen tial steps in implementing a wellness program is planning. Planning ensures the success of different program designs covering any number of employees (Larkin, 2009). After planning, implementation begins taking into consideration everything identified and analyzed in the plan.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Implementation of a workplace wellness program entails regular monitoring and adjustments where necessary. When planning for the wellness program, five essential considerations apply to ensure success. The first consideration is the root cause of obesity and high cost of insurance among employees and their families (Larkin, 2009). This is crucial in identifying important information for developing a workplace program that targets the challenges of employees. This avoids investing time and resources on irrelevant issues. The second consideration is the kind of expectations everyone has from the wellness program (Larkin, 2009). It is important to develop realistic and attainable expectations that encourage employee participation. The third consideration is need for aggressive and effective communication. Running a workplace wellness program requires constant communication between employees and the facilitators. The fourth consideration is the need to integrate other employee benefits and conditions into the program (Larkin, 2009). Apart from improving their health, it is important to consider other benefits employees can drive from the program. Employee conditions such as disabilities need consideration when developing the wellness program. The fifth consideration is the need to practice the ideals promoted through the program (Larkin, 2009). This entails everyone in the company participating in the program regardless of their position. Employees can fail to give full commitment to the program if their seniors fail to do the same. Any workplace wellness program that focuses on these key considerations is always successful in implementation and getting the desired results. Steps in Implementing the Program A workplace wellness program follows certain essential steps. These steps explain the practicability of the program, the required resources, sets goals, develops expectations, monitoring and evaluation strategies, as well as maintaining its continuity (Larkin, 2009). The first step is to establish the need for introducing the program (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.1). This step entails talking to employees, the management, and experts in order to identify if introducing a wellness program applies in the company. The second step is identifying the benefits that the program will bring to the company and all employees (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.2). This step is important in developing program goals and expectations that align to the expected benefits. The third step is forming a team that will educate employees on the program details such as the objective, scope, essentials, as well as the numerous roles and benefits they can anticipate. The fourth step is analyzing the needs and interests of employees. Since the program focuses on the wellness of employees, it is necessary to assess the needs they have, as well as their main interests (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.4). This helps in designing the program with an orientation towards thes e employee particulars. The fifth step is designing the program itself (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.5). This step entails identifying and developing a vision, goals, and objectives for the program. These act as the guides for the program during implementation and in long-term maintenance. The sixth step is creating a timeline and a budget for the program. A timeline outlines the projected period for accomplishing goals and objectives of the entire program functions and activities. A budget also applies in stating the amount of financing necessary in actualizing the program goals (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.6). The seventh step is identifying essential motivation for the program. This entails the features and activities of the program that will motivate employee participation. Employees need to stay motivated in their activities if they want to gain any benefits from the program (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.7). The eighth step is garnering support for the program from all empl oyees. For a wellness program to succeed in our company, getting the support of the target group is important. The key to getting employee support is convincing them that the program will be of benefit to them. The support is important in ensuring continuity of the program. The ninth step is marketing the wellness program in the workforce (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.9). This step entails creating awareness for program among employees by educating them on the requirements for the program, how it works, the period for which it will run, how it will affect their activities, and the benefits they will get from the program. The tenth step is implementing the program (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.10). This step applies when all the other steps have satisfactorily met the essential standards and levels important for program success. It is important to implement the program after adequate awareness creation and a conviction that employees feel motivated enough to embrace the program. Th e strategies applied in implementing the program are likely to influence from employees, as well as potential for prolonged success. The final step of implementing a wellness program in the workplace is measuring of accomplishments (Wellness Proposals, n.d., par.11). This entails an establishment of how well the progress made in the program for a certain period, has met the set goals. It also involves an analysis of commitments to the set timelines. An evaluation for the program also identifies any necessary changes to the program that would improve its performance. Monitoring and evaluation is crucial to the success of the program as it helps to keep everything in check, as well as sustainable utilization of resources. Monitoring and evaluation also identifies opportunities for the programs, as well as any possible threats from the external environment. One key process of monitoring and evaluation for this program is an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and weak nesses of the program. Recommendations To ensure the actualization of the solution to the problem of obesity in our company, there are various steps and actions I would recommend. These recommendations primarily focus on handling the challenge of obesity among employees in the company. The first recommendation is to encourage employees to avoid using the elevator, but instead use the stairs (Stephanie, 2009). This is achievable by increasing the attractiveness of the stairways through strategies like repainting, introducing wide windows or introducing a carpet. The second recommendation is creating a campaign to promote healthy living in the workforce by introducing healthy conscious foods and practices for all employees. The third recommendation is imposing a mandatory rule for all employees to desist from remaining in their desks after taking a meal, but instead take walk around the company premises as they interact with others. This move is all about exercise (Stephanie, 2009). T he company can provide showering facilities for any employee who would be interested in exercising over short and long breaks. This will encourage workers to take up exercise as part of their daily workplace activities. Another recommendation that employers can apply on their employees is offering motivation for health management. Incentives include providing competitively priced medical insurance covers and rewards for the employee who loses the most weight in a year (Stephanie, 2009). Another recommendation is for the company to collaborate with healthcare service providers to introduce employee-training programs that focus on managing and improving their personal health, and that of their colleagues. Employees get professional instruction on how to manage their weight, and other medical challenges that connect to obesity. Introducing a wellness program is the best solution to solve the problem of obesity within the workforce (Stephanie, 2009). If the company management implements these recommendations effectively, then I believe that in the near future we will have a healthier and highly motivated workforce. References Donovan, P. (2006). Workplace Wellness Case Studies: Tactics to Promote Health and  Reduce Risk: New York: Healthcare Intelligence Net. Larkin, S. (2009). Healthy Profits: The Five Elements of Strategic Wellness in the  Workplace. London: Yellow Duck Press. Patterson, M. (2007). Health Promotion in the Workplace. New York: Cengage Learning. Stephanie, O. (2009). Next-Generation Wellness at Work. New York: ABC-CLIO.  Wellness Proposals: Guide to Worksite Wellness Programs. (n.d.) Web. This proposal on Implementing a Wellness Program within an Industry was written and submitted by user Zoie Waters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biology Lab Safety Guidelines

Biology Lab Safety Guidelines Biology lab safety rules are guidelines designed to help keep you safe while you are experimenting. Some equipment and chemicals in a biology laboratory can cause serious harm. It is always wise to follow all lab safety rules. Dont forget, the most helpful safety rule is to use plain old common sense. The following biology lab safety rules are a sample of the most basic rules that should be followed when in a biology lab. Most labs have the safety rules posted in a visible place and your instructor will most likely go over them with you before you begin working. 1. Be Prepared Before you enter a biology lab, you should be prepared for and knowledgeable about any lab exercises that are to be performed. That means you should read your lab manual to know exactly what you will be doing. Review your biology notes and relevant sections in your biology textbook before your lab begins. Make sure you understand all procedures and purposes, as this will help you understand the lab activities you will perform. It will also help you get your thoughts organized for when you have to write your lab report. 2. Be Neat When working in a biology lab, make sure you keep your area neat and organized. If you happen to spill something, ask for assistance when cleaning it up. Also, remember to clean your work area and wash your hands when you are finished. 3. Be Careful An important biology lab safety rule is to be careful. You may be working with glass or sharp objects, so you dont want to handle them carelessly. 4. Wear Proper Clothing Accidents do happen in a biology lab. Some chemicals have the potential to damage clothing. With that in mind, you want to make sure that the clothing you wear is something you could do without if it becomes damaged. As a precaution, wearing an apron or lab coat is a good idea. You will also want to wear proper shoes that can protect your feet in case something gets broken. Sandals or any type of open-toed shoes are not recommended. 5. Be Cautious With Chemicals The best way to remain safe when dealing with chemicals is to assume that any chemical you handle is dangerous. Be sure you understand what type of chemicals you are using and how they should be properly handled.If any chemical comes in contact with your skin, wash immediately with water and inform your lab instructor. Wear protective eyewear when handling chemicals, which brings us to the next rule. 6. Wear Safety Goggles Safety goggles may not be the most fashion-forward accessory and can fit awkwardly on your face, but they should always be worn when you are working with chemicals or any type of heating apparatus. 7. Locate Safety Equipment Be sure you know where to find all safety equipment in the biology lab. This includes such items as the fire extinguisher, first aid kit, broken glass receptacles, and chemical waste containers. Also be sure you know where all the emergency exits are located and which exit route to take in case of an emergency. 8. Biology Lab Donts There are several things in a biology lab that you must always avoid- here are a few major laboratory donts. Do Not eat or drink in the labtaste any chemicals or substances you are working withuse your mouth for pipetting substanceshandle broken glass with bare handspour chemicals down the drain without permissionoperate lab equipment without permissionperform your own experiments unless given permissionleave any heated materials unattendedplace flammable substances near heatengage in childish antics such as horseplay or pranks 9. Have a Good Experience Biology lab is an important aspect of any general biology or AP biology course. In order to have a good lab experience, make sure that you follow these biology lab safety rules and any instructions given to you by your lab instructor.

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Stress - Essay Example As such, it was important for me to ensure that my performance did not experience a downward trend as I intended to work there as I continued with my studies so as to support my parents in paying school fees. My parent’s quarreling and fighting usually drove me to the edge especially due to the fact that I envied my friend’s parents who showed deep concern and affection for each other even in the public. I used to ask my self so many questions which went unanswered and which distracted me from my work. On one occasion, I woke up to find my parents in a heated argument over something that completely embarrassed me especially due to the fact that almost all of my neighbors had come to witness the fight. To make matters worse, most of them were enjoying the show instead of separating them though they cannot be totally blamed due to the barbaric cultural restrictions which mutually makes it a taboo to interfere with family matters especially if you are not a member of the family. There was less I could do but eventually, they stopped fighting after realizing that they were creating an unnecessary attention. This occurrence almost squeezed out tears from my eyes but I managed to suppress them and be able to prepare myself for work. Never before in my life had I experienced such a humiliating event and as such, I arrived for work in a bad mood which was first noticed by the receptionist, who in most times enjoyed chatting with me in the morning as he was the only person who was closer to me in terms of age and education. Furthermore, we had known each other before as we shared the same hostel during my first year in college. Unlike other days, that day I was quiet and I did not feel like talking to anyone irrespective of whether he or she was my superior or a friend. Stress management is a major challenge in my life though I have not yet had the courage to accept it and acquire professional help. However, there is a solution

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Paper Research

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles - Research Paper Example According to Cleverly, Song, & Cleverly (2010), there are five generally accepted accounting guidelines or principles that are related to accounting for health, namely money measurement, valuation, duality principle, stable monetary unit, and accounting entity. In this paper a discussion will be made on these five generally accepted accounting principles related to health care. Money Measurement Money measurement principle calls for effective recording of all cash flows and revenues that are coming to the organization as well those leaving the organization. Money measurement refers to the measurement of debt obligations and revenue resources accurately so that there is no discrepancy in the accounts of the health care institute. The intent behind this accounting principle is to secure and measure all the incoming and outgoing cash flows of a firm. It is essential to measure the movement of money inside and outside the organization because it is the most basic building block of accoun ting. This particular accounting principle is related to health care field as the flow of money in a heath care facility is quite fluid and money changes hand quickly in the health care industry. ... The reason for valuing assets and costs at historical prices is that it is the only method that provides an objective value of assets and costs (Cleverly, Song, & Cleverly, 2010). Other alternatives of valuation lack the objectivity which the historical cost valuation method provides. The intent behind this accounting principle is to provide an objective account of the values of acquisition cost of assets. In the field of health care this accounting principle is vital to calculate return on investment (p. 187). Also there is no second hand market of assets that are used in the health care industry and therefore it is difficult to estimate a market value for such assets. This is the relevance of cost valuation accounting principle to the field of health care. Principle of Duality Principle of duality is a generally accepted accounting principle that refers to the basic equation that is commonly used in accounting (assets = liabilities +owner’s equity). The principle of duality also refers to the dual effect of every transaction. The effect every transaction is recorded in a way that assets equals the total liabilities and equity of the firm. This principle is forms a very basic pillar of accounting. It provides guidance as to how to account different transactions. The intent of this principle is to make sure that transactions are recorded in way that satisfies the basics of accounting. The principle of duality is the basic pillar of accounting and therefore has relevance to accounting of health care institutions. The basic equation of assets, liabilities, and equity should always be balanced when accounting in the field of health care. In health care field transactions are regularly recorded and therefore to avoid any mistake it is essential to keep this

Business Proposal for Nonprofit Ccharity Organizations Essay - 26

Business Proposal for Nonprofit Ccharity Organizations - Essay Example To meet the increasing demand for donations, the company intends to expand the manufacturing unit at a cost of $2million in the next two years (Allen, 2010). The expansion will ensure that the production volume is doubled (Fisher, 2000, p. 89).  The capital required for the expansion is the main challenge for the company because it does not intend to change its working principles in order to raise the capital (Armstrong, Cools, & Sadler-Smith, 2011). Therefore, the company intends to look for a grant to cater to expansion costs (Chilton & Bloodgood, 2010). The social implication for the inability to raise the capital will be catastrophic to the company because of failure to meet the increasing demands (Cooper, 2008). The provision of safe water for domestic use is a challenge especially in t developing nations (Archer, 2011). The company targets the provision of water to rural households in Africa. The target country in Africa is Ethiopia the semi-arid regions of the country (Routl ey, 2006). The major plan of the company is to drill boreholes in the region to provide water for the locals (Shaw, 2011). After construction of the boreholes, they are handed over to Community Based organization (CBO) to manage (Global Warming & Climate Change, 2012). The company intends to expand its operation into countries with severe water shortage problem such as South Sudan (Beverly & Thomson, 2011). The company does not operate in a buy one donate one model, but it depends on grants totally (Hart, 2011). The leading donor is Melinda and Gates foundation (McKinsey & Company, 2010). The expansion and operational cost for the year according to the budget are $15 Million (Department of Sustainability Environment, WaterPopulation, and Communities, 2009).

The Human Microbiome Project

The Human Microbiome Project Microorganisms are important for animal and plant life, their presence in the surroundings is essential for survival of all life forms. This importance can be proved by the large number of prokaryotes in human body, mainly bacteria, it was found that there are ten time more bacteria than human cells. Normal flora describe the microbes that colonize human body, during birth and after, and remain for life. Microbes of normal flora are found in many body sites, such as moist skin, gastrointestinal tract, mouth, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina, but other important human organs, such as lungs, brain, and heart are free from microbial flora. Number of microorganisms living in skin is small compared to other sites, because skin medium is dry, and contain dead cells, with slight low pH. The human respiratory tract, mainly nose, is colonized by Staphylococcus aureus , which is main cause of surgical wound infection. The mouth contains biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, which are p resent as plaque on teeth surface. Similar to the skin, and unlike small intestine, not many microbes live in the stomach, because of the gastric acid, Helicobacter pylori is an example of stomach bacteria. Human microbial flora are important to the human, staphylococci and propionibacteria, release fatty acids to prevent growth of skin fungi, bacteria in respiratory tract can cause infections when epithelium of respiratory tract get damage. Vaginal flora, mainly lactobacillus protect host, as women with low lactobacillus levels taking antibiotics to treat infection develop other infections. Human flora also benefit the host, they colonize body sites, making it difficult for external microbes to colonize and infect, they also help in vitamin production, and cause small antibody release , which help in immunity. Oral microflora produce substances as fatty acid, peroxides to protect from external microbes, and also cause disease such as gingivitis, and dental plaque. Normal flora spread from site to another can cause deadly infections, as from wound. Bacteroides of the gastrointestinal tract produced substances that are carcinogens, and can cause cancer for colon. Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Researchers found, usually that everybody carries huge number of pathogens, and microorganisms as possible to cause diseases. While most of these microorganisms coexist with the host body (healthy individuals) and remnant of the human microbiome without any diseas and living with each other in the human body, which are play important vital role in human health. Researchers sampled of healthy volunteers in USA had included total samples was from 15 body sites in men, while in women was 18 body sites, from each volunteer was collected three samples at different body sites. Collect the samples from a total of 18 body sites, in 5 major body areas, in males were sampled from the skin, mouth (oral cavity), nose, two sites behind each ear and each area inner elbow, lower part of gastrointestinal tract(stool), and tinal tract regions. On the other hand, in females additionally sampled from three vaginal sites, as following: nine sites in the oral cavity with saliva, four sites on the skin, three sites in the vagina, a pooled sample of the anterior nares (airway), and one sample of stool. In late 2007 with funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) roadmap for biomedical research community, represent important issues that affect human health in general, launched the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which focuses on describing the different types of microbial which are associated with human health and disease. Human Microbiome Project is to study the microbes which are living in and on the human body and included catalogue the genetic identity and characterize of many organisms such as bacteria, viruses and live in intimate contact with human body. The Human Microbiome Project is became able to uncover microbes and the National Institutes of Health launched the results of the five-year project. Also, has been developed metagenomic protocols through generation a population-scale framework to produce metagenomic data and large group of quality-controlled resources, during standardized methods. Have been isolated around 800 reference strains from human body sequences. Although, these data are biggest resource to develop of current and future studies and represent a diversity of the human microbiome. Since launch HMP in late 2007, HMP has received $153 million from Common Fund of National Institutes of Health (NIH) and $20 million an additional. The main goals of this project are: This project is to prove if there is a shared core microbiome between different groups of people and in and on the different sites of the human body, also to studying different medical conditions  and explain whether there are a correlations between changes in microbiome and disease. To take benefit of recent technologies by studying samples from different sites of the human body to characterize the human microbiome, to provide new technological approaches from a standardized data resources, and HMP is working to manipulation of the human microbiome to improve human health. In addition, Human Microbiome Project provided contribution important to develop new fields in the technological and bioinformatic tools, through five year effort. The first stage of this initiative was included the sequencing of many hundreds of microbial reference genomes which isolated from human body sites. This information acquired from the reference genomes can help to functional annotation and classification of 16S rRNA from microbiome samples. In human body microbial partners carry out a several of metabolic reactions which are important for human health, still are not encoded in the human genome. Although, the large number of microbial kinds existent in the body did not isolated, because, the inability in the lab to reproduce suitable growth conditions for microbial. Therefore there are huge number of microbial are still undetectable. It is important the study of microbial communities directly from their natural habitats by benefit of advances in sequencing technology. The HMP is working to characterize the human microbiome communities by using different complementary analyses included: 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), metagenomic sequencing and whole-genome shotgun (WGS), which focused on examination of the intestine microbiome through the use of WGS data. The metagenome is includes the collective genomes of the human microbial flora. Generating a huge amounts of data from the sequencing and analyzes of reference genomes about the complexity of the human microbiome which are isolate from different sites of the human body and providing more information about human health and disease. 16S and wgs sequencing occurred in a four stages are: containing of a mock data pilot stage, a clinical pilot stage, in July 2010 stage 1 completed and clinical stage 2 currently in progress. Has been funded Fifteen demonstration projects to explain the nature of relationship between the microbiome, health and disease. It is known that the human microbiome is consists of the genes and genomes of the microbiota which resident throughout human body. The Human Microbiome Project resources, includes the following: 600 microbial reference genomes, 700 metagenomes, 60 million predicted genes, and 70 million 16S sequences from healthy adult microbiomes. The human microbiome including of microbial genes, genomes, and gene products of the microbiota which interact with the human body host to prime immunity and in same time to maintain host health. Also, the microbiome is contribute to maintenance and development of the immune system. The HMP is surveying the microbiomes pass the bodies of a group of healthy adults to produce data groups of microbiomes, to developing of reference strains by a classification of microbial genome sequences, and evaluating the properties of microbiomes which associated with specific skin diseases, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital. Recently, has been developed three programs in technology are: the ethical, legal implications, and computational tools to support this field (microbiome research). In addition, there are four projects listed under the HMP program, depending on the four data sets produced, including: data sets produced in individual demonstration project activities; targeted 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences; reference strain microbial genome sequences; and whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequences. Whereas, the second major resource of the HMP is include five major areas of the human body (healthy adults) are: skin, mouth, nose, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. In spite of, in the early years at birth, the generating of the microbiome, occurs through interact between the diet, maturing immune system and microbial communities. (Koenig et al., 2011) (Dominguez-Bello et al., 2010) . Difficult to understand what is happening through interactions between the microbiome function, early microbiome events and changes during the stages of life, such as using antibiotics possible to be predisposing factor to allergies later in life (Bisgaard et al., 2011). Also, because microbiome disorders might occur in childhood can lead to many diseases such as asthma, and type 1 diabetes. Each site of the body contains a unique microbiome important to maintain for the host health, for example the gastrointestinal microbiome which directly interacts with the immune system of the host (Round and Mazmanian, 2009). In addition to many functions as energy supply for host cells and digestion of food. The microbiome acquired be through anew each generation but it is not inherited. Currently, a lot of international efforts focused on enhance the understanding of the complexity of the human microbiome and determining the multiple pathological mechanisms for explore in human health and disease. The International Human Microbiome Consortium (IMHC) is open to support most research programs of human microbiome, the aim of the IMHC is the collection of information and understanding how the human microbiome is working to maintenance of human health and occurrence of diseases, for the purpose of illustrate that the relationship between the human microbiome, human health and disease. Also, other goals are in- depth study in the complexity of the microbiome in health and disease in general, make a full analysis of the human microbiome about human health and/or disease, creating the novel diagnostic tools of the disease and development of new methods to prevent and treat diseases and therapeutic interventions. In addition, that future researches aims to detect and to look for the important role of metagenomic analyses to defining DNA sequences and help to detected human infections because of the complexity of the human microbiome.

Essay --

Education is closely associated in determining a person’s life chances. Socioeconomic status (SES) plays a critical part in higher education today in America. Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to the ranking based on occupation, income and other social components like education. The inequality in college enrollments and degree completion has been a major concern in our society. The students’ SES seems to actuate the opportunities and the achievement they will fulfill in postsecondary school. Sociologists tend to acknowledge that social course is still an important aspect in today’s society. Also, it affects our life chances and choices. Education contributes to income attainment and occupational prestige. Moreover, there is an inequality between men and women from contrasting social backgrounds in terms of education, particularly in college. Education serves as a ladder to success and social mobility. In America, students from low socioeconomic status (SES) families have always been a part of the nation’s higher education and are few in number. Socioeconomic status has crucial effects on students and their performance in college. The subject of SES and how it affects college education has been debated for decades. The social ranking is parallel to whether one will succeed in college. SES insinuates more immense impact on low SES students than high SES students. Low SES students are deprived in schools due to the lack of academic environment and limit their chances of academic success in school. Those circumstances cause low SES schools to be low compliant and impose the notion that only determined and flexible students can avoid low academic achievement. Low SES students are said to be â€Å"similarly u... ...and men. Mention history of gender inequality: how history affect our society. â€Å"Let’s not forget about the history of Women’s Rights. Women are not mentioned in the Constitution†¦ There are natural differences in men and women; Women are viewed weaker and are expected to stay home, take care of the family. Also, might want to squeeze in a little detail about the role of Economics in our society. Accomplishment in college of students from different socioeconomic background varies. If the social deprivation decreases, low SES students should have similar experiences and accomplishments. Social backgrounds continue to negatively affect their college achievement if low SES students have different outcomes or lower achievements (Walpole viriya.net 2003). Different opportunities are brought about by differences of resources and status (Linkon diversityweb.org 2008).